Diesel engine



Aug. 24, 1954 LANG 2,687,121

DIESEL ENGINE Filed Dec. 27; 1950 2 Sheets Sheet 2 I? I6 '8 lo S I I I7 I 6 l8 IO hat1-- Mk Patented Aug. 24, 1954 DIESEL ENGINE Franz Lang, Munich, Germany, assignor to Durex S. A., Geneva, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland Application December 27, 1950, Serial No. 202,936

4 Claims.

My invention relates to diesel engines and more particularly to diesel engines comprising a combustion chamber with energy cell arranged in the cylinder head. In engines of that type fuel is injected across the combustion chamber towards the throat leading from said chamber into the energy cell which may be a single or double cell. A portion of the fuel entering said cell ignites rapidly therein and the remaining portion of the fuel is blown violently back into the combustion chamber where it meet the swirling mixture of air and fuel whereupon the combustion in the chamber is completed. Though diesel engines of the type described proved valuable in practice they still have certain disadvantages particularly a relatively slow and uneven combustion resulting from an incomplete and non-uniform mixture of the fuel and air in the combustion chamber and in the adjoining cylinder space above the piston. I I

The main object of my invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to ensure a quick, uniform and complete combustion of the fuel. To this effect the combustion chamber which is arranged in the cylinder head and communicates through its open bottom with the cylinder space is enclosed by side walls diverging from th cell opening to provide substantially pear-shaped cross sections of said chamber in planes perpendicular to the cylinder axis and by a top wall which is inclined against the longitudinal axis of the energy cell to diverge therefrom in the direction away from said throat and extending in such inclined position to make the height of the combustion chamber a maximum at the combustion chamber wall opposing said throat. In addition thereto the longitudinal axis of the cell opening is preferably directed into a concavity in the crown of the engine piston which concavity enlarges the said combustion chamber.

The novel features which I consider characteristic of my invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 shows an elevational section through the cylinder head portion of a diesel engine according to my invention.

Fig. 2 shows a cross section thereof along line 2-2 of Fig. 1,

Figs. 3 through 5 show elevational sections of three additional embodiments of the cylinder head portions used by my new engine, and

Fig. 6 shows a modified cross section along line 2-2 in Fig. 1.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all figures.

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the cylinder head I 0 and the concave crowned engine piston II. The cylinder head I I includes a single-lobe combustion chamber l3, a conventional fuel injector I4 and the energy cell body I5. This energy cell body contains an inner cell It and an outer cell H which are interconnected by a narrow venturi 2B. A throat I8 terminating into a funneled extension I9 leads from the inner cell I6 into the combustion chamber 13. The air valves are indicated with 2|. The exhaust valve 22 is situated in the top wall of the combustion chamber [3. This top wall at least in its portion I3 neighboring said throat opening I 9 is inclined against the longitudinal axis of the energy cell to diverge therefrom in the direction towards the cylinder axis. The side walls of the combustion chamber I3, particularly in cross sections perpendicular to the cylinder axis, extend as shown in Fig. 2 in a pear-shaped manner from the funneled mouth I 9 essentially in concert with the expanding jet gases emanating therefrom. Thus dead spaces within the combustion chamber, especially I near said mouth l9, are avoided and the jet issuing from the energy cell mixes safely and completely with the content of the combustion chamber. The throat I8, as seen from Fig. l, is so inclined that the jet emanating therefrom is directed towards the opening between the combustion chamber I3 and the cylinder space and thus a portion of said jet is forced to mix with the air above the piston I I, particularly in the concave head space I2 thereof.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 3 the energy cell body I5 contains only one cell I6. Whereas in the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 the longitudinal axes of the fuel injector M and of the energy cell body I 5 are in alignment, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 these axes are displaced in a vertical plane so that the fuel thrust by the injector It across the combustion chamber l3 impacts upon the wall of the throat extension I9.

The embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 differs from that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 therein that the full top wall I 3 of the combustion chamber is inclined against the longitudinal axis of the energy cell in the manner described above.

ihe embodiment illustrated in Fig. 5 differs from that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 therein that the longitudinal axis of the energy cells 15 and I1 is inclined similarly though less than the axis of the throat i8 against the opening between the combustion chamber I3 and the cylinder space The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 differs from the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2 therein that the longitudinal axes of the energy cells I5 and I! and of the throat l8 enters the pear shaped combustion chamber 13 tangentially thereto that is approximately parallel to one side wall of the pear shaped combustion chamber [3 so that a whirling motion of the air and fuel mixture in the circular or spherical portion of said chamber I3 is effected as indicated by the arrows.

The different features of the embodiments described above may, of course, be combined in a single embodiment.

While specific embodiments of my invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of my invention, it will be understood that the same may be otherwise embodied Without departing from such principles and without avoiding the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. Ina diesel engine of the type described thecombination comprising an engine cylinder; a cylinder head; a single-lobe combustion chamber in said cylinder head set off to one side of the cylinder axis; a fuel injector and an energy cell opening in opposing positions into said combustion chamber; a funnel shaped throat between the energy cell and the combustion chamber; side walls of the combustion chamber diverging from said throat to provide substantially pearshaped cross sections of said chamber perpendicular to the cylinder axis; and a top wall of the combustion chamber inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the energy cell to diverge therefrom in the direction away from said throat and extending in such inclined position to make the height of the combustion chamber a maximum at the combustion chamber Wall opposing said throat.

2. In a diesel engine of the type described the combination comprising an engine cylinder; a cylinder head; a single-lobe combustion chamber in said cylinder head set off to one side of the cylinder axis; a fuel injector and an energy cell opening in opposing positions into said combustion chamber; a funnel shaped throat between the energy cell and the combustion chamber; side Walls of the combustion chamber diverging from said throat to provide substantially pearshaped cross sections of said chamber perpendicular to the cylinder axis; a top wall of the combustion chamber inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the energy cell to diverge therefrom in the direction away from said throat and extending it in such inclined position to make the height of the combustion chamber a maximum at the combustion chamber wall opposing said throat; and a piston reciprocating in the engine cylinder; a

concavity in the crown of said piston enlarging the combustion chamber; the longitudinal axis of the throat between the energy cell and the combustion chamber being directed into said concavity.

3. In a diesel engine of the type described the combination comprising an engine cylinder; a cylinder head; a single-lobe combustion chamber in said cylinder head set off to one side of the cylinder axis; a fuel injector and an energy cell opening in opposing positions into said combustion chamber; a funnel shaped throat between the energy cell and the combustion chamber; the side walls of the combustion chamber diverging from said throat to provide substantially pearshaped cross sections of said chamber perpendicular to the cylinder axis; the top wall of the combustion chamber inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the energy cell to diverge therefrom in the direction away from said throat and extending in such inclined position to make the height of the combustion chamber a maximum at the combustion chamber wall opposing said throat, and at least one exhaust valve seated in said top wall above the bellied portion of the pearshaped cross section of the combustion chamber.

4. In a diesel engine of the type described the combination comprising an engine cylinder; a cylinder head; a single-lobe combustion chamber in said cylinder head set oii to one side of the cylinder axis; a fuel injector and an energy cell opening in opposing positions into said combustion chamber; a funnel shaped throat between the energy cell and the combustion chamher; the longitudinal axis of said injector and of said energy cell being so out of alignment that the jet from said injector impinges upon the wall of the funnel shaped throat, side Walls of the combustion chamber diverging from said throat to provide substantially pearshaped cross sections of said chamber perpendicular to the cylinder axis; and a top Wall of the combustion chamber inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the energy cell to diverge therefrom in the direction away from said throat and extending in such inclined position to make the height of the combustion chamber a maximum at the combustion chamber wall opposing said throat.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,080,139 Lang May 11, 1937 2,281,685 Fischer May 5, 1942 2,408,394 Guerasimofi Oct. 1, 1946 2,414,225 Ericson Jan. 14, 1947 2,436,855 Culbert Mar. 2, 1948 2,442,664; Roensch June 1, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 714,411 France Nov. 13, 1931 367,457 Great Britain Feb. '25, 1932 

